What causes dehydration?

When you lose more fluid than you take in or don’t drink enough, you become dehydrated. Through perspiration, vomiting, urination, or diarrhea, fluid is lost. Dehydration can be caused by a number of illnesses, such as gastroenteritis, which causes fluid loss through vomiting and diarrhea. 

Dehydration – Symptoms & causes

Dehydration occurs when your body loses more fluids than it takes in, disrupting its ability to perform essential functions. It can range from mild to severe and can affect anyone, although it is more dangerous for infants, young children, and the elderly.

Symptoms of Dehydration

Mild to Moderate Dehydration

• Increased Thirst: Feeling excessively thirsty is an early sign.

• Dry Mouth: A sticky or parched sensation in the mouth and throat.

• Decreased Urination: Less frequent urination and dark yellow or amber-colored urine.

• Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or lethargic.

• Dry Skin: Skin that loses elasticity or feels dry.

• Headache: A dull or persistent headache.

• Dizziness: Lightheadedness, especially when standing.

Severe Dehydration (Medical Emergency)

• Extreme Thirst: A strong craving for fluids.

• Rapid Heartbeat: Increased heart rate due to low blood volume.

• Rapid Breathing: Faster breathing as the body compensates for fluid loss.

• Sunken Eyes: Visible signs of dehydration, especially in children.

• Low Blood Pressure: Feeling faint or lightheaded due to reduced blood flow.

• Confusion: Difficulty focusing or feeling disoriented.

• No Urination: Very little or no urine output.

• Unconsciousness: In severe cases, fainting or coma.

Causes of Dehydration:

Dehydration results from a variety of factors that lead to fluid loss or insufficient intake.

Common Causes:

• Insufficient Fluid Intake: Not drinking enough water throughout the day.

• Excessive Sweating: Physical activity, heat exposure, or fever causing loss of fluids through sweat.

• Diarrhea and Vomiting: Rapid fluid loss from digestive issues.

• Fever: Higher body temperature increases water loss.

• Frequent Urination: Conditions like diabetes or medications (e.g., diuretics) can lead to fluid depletion.

At-Risk Groups

• Infants and Children: Smaller bodies and higher metabolic rates make them more susceptible to fluid loss.

• Elderly Individuals: Reduced thirst sensation and underlying medical conditions.

• Athletes: High physical exertion, particularly in hot environments.

• Chronic Illness Patients: Conditions like kidney disease or diabetes increase the risk.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Persistent diarrhea for more than 24 hours.

• Inability to keep down fluids.

• Extreme fatigue, dizziness, or confusion.

• Signs of severe dehydration such as no urination or fainting.

Take dehydration seriously and act promptly. Stay hydrated, and if in doubt, consult with Electrolytemed to explore the best treatment options.

Prevention Tips

• Drink adequate water daily; the general recommendation is 8–10 glasses.

• Increase fluid intake in hot weather or during physical activities.

• Monitor fluid intake in children and elderly individuals.

• Address underlying health conditions contributing to fluid loss.

Dehydration is preventable and manageable when recognized early. Prioritize hydration to maintain overall health and well-being. Learn more about dehydration and how to stay hydrated for optimal health.