Everything You Need to Know About LOD in BIM – Simplified for Success

In the world of Building Information Modeling (BIM), LOD, or Level of Development, plays a crucial role in shaping the accuracy, usability, and lifecycle performance of a building model. It helps define how much detail a model should have at each stage of the construction process, from early design to final handover.

Whether you’re a designer, contractor, or facility manager, understanding how LOD in BIM works ensures that everyone is on the same page about what to expect in the model. This reduces confusion, saves time, and supports better project outcomes.

Let’s dive into what LOD really means and how it influences decision-making throughout the construction journey.

What is LOD in BIM?

LOD (Level of Development) defines the degree of detail and accuracy embedded in a BIM model element at different phases of a project. It ensures all stakeholders—from architects to MEP engineers—are aligned on the scope and maturity of information being shared.

The American Institute of Architects (AIA) defines LOD as a scale from 100 to 500. As the number increases, so does the detail and reliability of the model element.

 LOD Stages in BIM (LOD 100 to LOD 500)

LOD Level

Definition

Details Included

LOD 100
Conceptual
General massing, overall shape, no specific dimensions.
LOD 200
Approximate Geometry
Basic elements, placeholder quantities, rough layout.
LOD 300
Accurate Geometry
Specific dimensions, design-intent geometry, coordination ready.
LOD 350
Construction Documentation
Includes connections, supports, and more detailed relationships.
LOD 400
Fabrication
Elements are modeled for fabrication and assembly.
LOD 500
As-Built
Accurate representation of the actual built element, including operational data.

Pie Chart: LOD Usage Distribution Across a Typical BIM Project

LOD Level

Usage (%)

Explanation

LOD 100
5%
Used during early concept phase – rough massing only.
LOD 200
15%
Used in schematic design – general layout and systems.
LOD 300
30%
Used in design development – accurate geometry and design intent.
LOD 350
20%
Used during construction documentation – includes connections/details.
LOD 400
20%
Used for fabrication and shop drawings – high precision.
LOD 500
10%
Used post-construction – as-built with maintenance-ready data.